Ecosystem Exchange, Strategic Capabilities, and Firm Performance with Agility and Innovation Mediators
Article Sidebar
-
Process View of RBT, Ecosystem Exchange, Strategic Capabilities, Strategic Agility, Service Innovation
Abstract
Understanding the ecosystem remains a big issue, especially in coping with the affiliation challenges of the ecosystem actors. Relied upon open system, resource-based, and exchange theory, this study aims to depict the role of ecosystem exchange and Organizational Strategic Capabilities (OSC) and the relationship with strategic agility and service innovation in enhancing firm performance, as well as its mechanism in portraying process view of Resource-Based Theory (RBT) as the search for alignment strategy to multi-actors’ challenges in the multilateral ecosystem. This study was conducted by using a quantitative research approach to examine sets of hypotheses. Applying five-point Likert-scale questionnaires, the primary data were collected from 196 Indonesian medical devices distributor companies. Then, the structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data. This study found strategic capabilities display impressively the autonomous merit of the firms and how the firms communicate through ecosystem exchange. While revealing the principle of equifinality, all roads lead to Rome, of the firms as an open system. This study portrays how the firms do exchange intangible resources socially and tangible resources economically and establish solid alignments with their ecosystem, hence keeping the competition away. Indonesian medical device distributor firms can achieve superior performance by fostering ecosystem exchange, developing strategic capabilities, and crucially building strategic agility. These findings offer actionable insights for industry leaders and policymakers aiming to strengthen the healthcare supply chain and advance progress toward the SDGs. The research also provides a foundation for future studies exploring the interplay of dynamic capabilities and innovation in other sectors and contexts.
Full text article
References
[1] A. Pundziene, S. Nikou, and H. Bouwman, “The nexus between dynamic capabilities and competitive firm performance: the mediating role of open innovation,” European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 152–177, 2022.
[2] N. Ylönen, M. Rissanen, A. Ylä-Kujala, T. Sinkkonen, S. Marttonen-Arola, D. Baglee, and T. Kärri, “A web of clues: can ecosystems be profiled similarly to criminals?” International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 347–373, 2021.
[3] J. Daymond, E. Knight, M. Rumyantseva, and S. Maguire, “Managing ecosystem emergence and evolution: Strategies for ecosystem architects,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. O1–O27, 2023.
[4] M. De Bernard, R. Comunian, and J. Gross, “Cultural and creative ecosystems: a review of theories and methods, towards a new research agenda,” Cultural Trends, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 332–353, 2022.
[5] H. Hou and Y. Shi, “Ecosystem-as-structure and ecosystem-as-coevolution: A constructive examination,” Technovation, vol. 100, p. 102193, 2021.
[6] P. Klimas and W. Czakon, “Species in the wild: a typology of innovation ecosystems,” Review of Managerial Science, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 249–282, 2022.
[7] J. Li-Ying, W. Sofka, and P. Tuertscher, “Managing innovation ecosystems around big science organizations,” Technovation, vol. 116, p. 102523, 2022.
[8] A. Chikán, E. Czakó, B. Kiss-Dobronyi, and D. Losonci, “Firm competitiveness: A general model and a manufacturing application,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 243, p. 108316, 2022.
[9] D. Hoopes, T. L. Madsen et al., “A dynamic theory of the strategic firm,” Strategic Management Review, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 235–264, 2022.
[10] D. J. Teece, “Strategy dynamics and the theory of the firm: Homage to richard rumelt,” Strategic Management Review, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 265–294, 2022.
[11] B. Wernerfelt, “Diversified firms: existence and behaviors,” Journal of Institutional Economics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 345–360, 2022.
[12] S. Edilia and N. D. Larasati, “Innovative approaches in business development strategies through artificial intelligence technology,” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 84–90, 2023.
[13] G. Sandu, O. Varganova, and B. Samii, “Managing physical assets: a systematic review and a sustainable perspective,” International Journal of Production Research, vol. 61, no. 19, pp. 6652–6674, 2023.
[14] S. Gupta, T. Justy, S. Kamboj, A. Kumar, and E. Kristoffersen, “Big data and firm marketing performance: Findings from knowledge-based view,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 171, p. 120986, 2021.
[15] E. D. Safitri, S. R. P. Junaedi, and A. Priono, “Swot analysis is used in the startup business development strategy,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 136–142, 2023.
[16] R. Ahli, M. F. Hilmi, and A. Abudaqa, “The influence of leadership dynamics and workplace stress on employee performance in the entrepreneurial sector and the moderating role of organizational support,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 300–313, 2024.
[17] H. Y. Aljuhmani, O. L. Emeagwali, and B. Ababneh, “Revisiting the miles and snow typology of organizational strategy: uncovering interrelationships between strategic decision-making and public organizational performance,” International Review of Public Administration, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 209–229, 2021.
[18] R. Gómez-Prado, A. Alvarez-Risco, B. B. Cuya-Velásquez, M. Arias-Meza, N. Campos-Dávalos, L. Juarez-Rojas, M. d. l. M. Anderson-Seminario, S. Del-Aguila-Arcentales, and J. A. Yáñez, “Product innovation, market intelligence and pricing capability as a competitive advantage in the international performance of startups: Case of peru,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 17, p. 10703, 2022.
[19] D. Prajogo, C. Mena, and M. Chowdhury, “The role of strategic collaborations and relational capital in enhancing product performance–a moderated-mediated model,” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 206–226, 2021.
[20] H. S. Melesse and D. M. Knatko, “The contingent effects of strategic orientations and strategic capabilities on competitive performance: Evidence from ethiopian manufacturing enterprises,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 15, 2024.
[21] J. Anwar, S. Hasnu, I. Butt, and N. Ahmed, “Miles and snow typology: most influential journals, articles, authors and subject areas,” Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 385–402, 2021.
[22] S. Hossain, H. Hena, and P. Sampa, “Decoding consumer habits: Analyzing retail patterns across demographics,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 148–159, 2024.
[23] A. S. Bist, V. Agarwal, Q. Aini, and N. Khofifah, “Managing digital transformation in marketing:" fusion of traditional marketing and digital marketing",” International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18–27, 2022.
[24] T. Hariguna, U. Rahardja, and Q. Aini, “The antecedent e-government quality for public behaviour intention, and extended expectation-confirmation theory,” Computer Science and Information Technologies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33–42, 2023.
[25] J.-A. Lamberg, S. Lubinait˙e, J. Ojala, and H. Tikkanen, “The curse of agility: The nokia corporation and the loss of market dominance in mobile phones, 2003–2013,” Business History, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 574–605, 2021.
[26] M. Kuswari, R. Gantino, and J. Maratis, “Maximizing healthcare service information system: Understanding the influence of integration on efficiency,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 108–117, 2025.
[27] M. Jakovljevic, W. Wu, J. Merrick, A. Cerda, M. Varjacic, and T. Sugahara, “Asian innovation in pharmaceutical and medical device industry–beyond tomorrow,” Journal of medical economics, vol. 24, no. sup1, pp. 42–50, 2021.
[28] J. B. Barney, D. J. Ketchen Jr, and M. Wright, “Resource-based theory and the value creation framework,” Journal of management, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1936–1955, 2021.
[29] U. Rusilowati, U. Narimawati, Y. R. Wijayanti, U. Rahardja, and O. A. Al-Kamari, “Optimizing human resource planning through advanced management information systems: A technological approach,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 72–83, 2024.
[30] O. Werth, D. R. Cardona, A. Torno, M. H. Breitner, and J. Muntermann, “What determines fintech success?—a taxonomy-based analysis of fintech success factors,” Electronic Markets, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 21, 2023.
[31] A. Chen, Y. Lin, M. Mariani, Y. Shou, and Y. Zhang, “Entrepreneurial growth in digital business ecosystems: An integrated framework blending the knowledge-based view of the firm and business ecosystems,” The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1628–1653, 2023.
[32] L. Limajatini, S. Suhendra, G. A. Pangilinan, and M. G. Ilham, “Integration of artificial intelligence in the financial sector innovation, risks and opportunities,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 58–70, 2025.
[33] A. B. Widjaja-Adhi and B. Soetjipto, “Market competitive environment on exchange quality: the mediating effects of resource dependency, alliance management capability and it adoption capability in indonesian food service industry,” Journal of Foodservice Business Research, pp. 1–36, 2025.
[34] D. Nakandala, A. Elias, and H. Hurriyet, “The role of lean, agility and learning ambidexterity in industry 4.0 implementations,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 206, p. 123533, 2024.
[35] G. Gomes, L. O. Seman, A. C. Berndt, and N. Bogoni, “The role of entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning capability and service innovation in organizational performance,” Revista de gestão, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 39–54, 2022.
[36] A. Firasati, F. Azzahra, S. R. P. Junaedi, A. Evans, M. Madani, and F. P. Oganda, “The role information technology in increasing the effectiveness accounting information systems and employee performance,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 114–121, 2024.
[37] N. Wiwin, P. A. Sunarya, N. Azizah, D. A. Saka et al., “A model for determine upgrades for msmes using analitical hyrarcy process,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 5, no. 1Sp, pp. 20–32, 2023.
[38] D. Hendarwan, “Analysis of market driven strategies to increase capabilities and performances advantages in business,” Journal of Economic Empowerment Strategy (JEES), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2023.
[39] S. A. Zahra, O. Petricevic, and Y. Luo, “Toward an action-based view of dynamic capabilities for international business,” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 583–600, 2022.
[40] L. Linde, D. Sjödin, V. Parida, and J. Wincent, “Dynamic capabilities for ecosystem orchestration a capability-based framework for smart city innovation initiatives,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 166, p. 120614, 2021.
[41] E. Sana, L. W. Ming, D. Hernandez, and R. Kask, “Leadership styles and employee engagement: A management perspective in the service industry,” APTISI Transactions on Management, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 146–151, 2024.
[42] K. Tsilionis and Y. Wautelet, “A model-driven framework to support strategic agility: Value-added perspective,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 141, p. 106734, 2022.
[43] S. Y. Tarba, J. G. Frynas, Y. Liu, G. Wood, R. M. Sarala, and S. Fainshmidt, “Strategic agility in international business,” p. 101411, 2023.
[44] F. P. Appio, F. Frattini, A. M. Petruzzelli, and P. Neirotti, “Digital transformation and innovation management: A synthesis of existing research and an agenda for future studies,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 4–20, 2021.
[45] K. Christofi, P. Chourides, and G. Papageorgiou, “Cultivating strategic agility–an empirical investigation into best practice,” Global Business and Organizational Excellence, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 89–105, 2024.
[46] E. X. Neo, K. Hasikin, K. W. Lai, M. I. Mokhtar, M. M. Azizan, H. F. Hizaddin, S. A. Razak et al., “Artificial intelligence-assisted air quality monitoring for smart city management,” PeerJ Computer Science, vol. 9, p. e1306, 2023.
[47] P. A. Suraya, T. Ramadhan, N. Lutfiani, A. Khoirunisa, and U. Rahardja, “Blockchain, information and speculation calculations in indonesia: Recent work,” in 2022 10th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–8.
[48] S. Khanra, P. Kaur, R. P. Joseph, A. Malik, and A. Dhir, “A resource-based view of green innovation as a strategic firm resource: Present status and future directions,” Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1395–1413, 2022.
[49] C. Feng, R. Ma, and L. Jiang, “The impact of service innovation on firm performance: a meta-analysis,” Journal of Service Management, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 289–314, 2021.
[50] A. Felix and G. D. Rembulan, “Analysis of key factors for improved customer experience, engagement, and loyalty in the e-commerce industry in indonesia,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 5, no. 2sp, pp. 196–208, 2023.
[51] J. Siswanto, V. A. Goeltom, I. N. Hikam, E. A. Lisangan, and A. Fitriani, “Market trend analysis and data-based decision making in increasing business competitiveness,” Sundara Advanced Research on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2025.
[52] M. Opazo-Basáez, F. Vendrell-Herrero, and O. F. Bustinza, “Digital service innovation: a paradigm shift in technological innovation,” Journal of Service Management, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 97–120, 2022.
[53] H. Woo, S. J. Kim, and H. Wang, “Understanding the role of service innovation behavior on business customer performance and loyalty,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 93, pp. 41–51, 2021.
[54] E. Awuku, P. M. Agyei, and E. Gonu, “Service innovation practices and customer loyalty in the telecommunication industry,” Plos one, vol. 18, no. 3, p. e0282588, 2023.
[55] T. Clauss, S. Kraus, F. L. Kallinger, P. M. Bican, A. Brem, and N. Kailer, “Organizational ambidexterity and competitive advantage: The role of strategic agility in the exploration-exploitation paradox,” Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 203–213, 2021.
[56] J. Zhang, F. N. Jehangir, L. Yang, M. A. Tahir, and S. Tabasum, “Competitive advantage and firm performance: The role of organizational culture, organizational innovation, and knowledge sharing,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 3081–3107, 2025.
[57] D. Ojha, E. Struckell, C. Acharya, and P. C. Patel, “Managing environmental turbulence through innovation speed and operational flexibility in b2b service organizations,” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1627–1645, 2021.
[58] P. He, Y. Pei, C. Lin, and D. Ye, “Ambidextrous marketing capabilities, exploratory and exploitative market-based innovation, and innovation performance: an empirical study on china’s manufacturing sector,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1146, 2021.
[59] S. Wang, J.-H. Cheah, C. Y. Wong, and T. Ramayah, “Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in logistics and supply chain management in the last decade: a structured literature review,” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 54, no. 7/8, pp. 673–704, 2024.
[60] M. Sarstedt, J. F. Hair Jr, and C. M. Ringle, ““pls-sem: indeed a silver bullet”–retrospective observations and recent advances,” Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 261–275, 2023.
[61] J. F. Hair, C. B. Astrachan, O. I. Moisescu, L. Radomir, M. Sarstedt, S. Vaithilingam, and C. M. Ringle, “Executing and interpreting applications of pls-sem: Updates for family business researchers,” Journal of Family Business Strategy, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 100392, 2021.
[62] M. N. Mata, J. Moleiro Martins, and P. L. Inácio, “Collaborative innovation, strategic agility, & absorptive capacity adoption in smes: the moderating effects of customer knowledge management capability,” Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1116–1140, 2024.
[63] S. Setiawan, U. Rusilowati, A. Jaya, R. Wang et al., “Transforming human resource practices in the digital age: A study on workforce resilience and innovation,” Journal of Computer Science and Technology Application, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 84–92, 2025.
[64] K. V. Mardia, J. T. Kent, and C. C. Taylor, Multivariate analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 2024.
[65] R. B. Kline, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications, 2023.
[66] A. Ruangkanjanases, A. Khan, O. Sivarak, U. Rahardja, and S.-C. Chen, “Modeling the consumers’ flow experience in e-commerce: The integration of ecm and tam with the antecedents of flow experience,” Sage Open, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 21582440241258595, 2024.
[67] T. Abbate, A. Codini, B. Aquilani, and D. Vrontis, “From knowledge ecosystems to capabilities ecosystems: When open innovation digital platforms lead to value co-creation,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 290–304, 2022.
[68] M. Nan and L. Huang, “Innovation ecosystems: a cross-industry examination of knowledge flows and collaboration dynamics,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 26–64, 2025.
[69] G. M. Stadtfeld and T. Gruchmann, “Dynamic capabilities for supply chain resilience: a meta-review,” The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 623–648, 2024.
[70] B. Mrugalska and J. Ahmed, “Organizational agility in industry 4.0: A systematic literature review,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 15, p. 8272, 2021.
[71] T. Yildiz and Z. Aykanat, “The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance,” World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 765–786, 2021.
[72] S. G. Ayinaddis, “The relationship between service innovation, customer satisfaction, and loyalty intention in emerging economies: an evidence from ethio telecom,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 4045–4063, 2023.
[73] R. Kurniawan, D. Budiastuti, M. Hamsal, and W. Kosasih, “Networking capability and firm performance: the mediating role of market orientation and business process agility,” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1646–1664, 2021.
[74] S. H. Abourokbah, R. M. Mashat, and M. A. Salam, “Role of absorptive capacity, digital capability, agility, and resilience in supply chain innovation performance,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 3636, 2023.
[75] BPS-Statistics Indonesia. (2025, Mar.) Bps and ministry of creative economy strengthen data collaboration. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Accessed: 2025-11-07. [Online]. Available: https://www.bps.go.id/en/news/2025/03/18/689/bps-and-ministry-of-creative-economy-strengthen-data-collaboration.html
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Josef Budi Hendrawidjaja, Budi Widjaja Soetjipto, Ratih Dyah Kusumastuti, Oscar Jayanagara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites while providing bibliographic details that credit its publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted to post their work online in institutional/disciplinary repositories or on their own websites. Pre-print versions posted online should include a citation and link to the final published version in Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication as soon as the issue is available; post-print versions (including the final publisher's PDF) should include a citation and link to the journal's website.