Risk Factors for the Incidence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Labuang Baji Hospital: A Healthpreneur Perspective

Afiyah Mahdiyah Rahmat; Nur Nasry Noor; Ida Leida Maria; George Davies

doi:10.34306/att.v6i3.394

Authors

Afiyah Mahdiyah Rahmat Hasanuddin University
Nur Nasry Noor Hasanuddin University https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7430-6946
Ida Leida Maria Hasanuddin University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-2397
George Davies Eduaward Incorporation https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1272-4354

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i3.394

Keywords:

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Risk Factors, Labuang Baji Hospital

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a global health challenge, with drug-resistant TB (TB-RO) posing significant risks to control efforts. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with TB-RO among patients at Labuang Baji Makassar Hospital, Indonesia. Conducted from September to October 2023, this analytical case-control study utilized a quantitative approach. Data were collected from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) and hospital medical records, involving all TB-RO patients under treatment between 2022 and 2023. Total sampling yielded 105 cases, with analysis performed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. Results indicate that age (OR=2.509, CI 95%: 1.120–5.622; p=0.036), positive BTA sputum (OR=3.397, CI 95%: 1.630–7.082; p=0.001), and prior treatment history (OR=0.461, CI 95%: 0.254–0.837; p=0.016) are significant factors. Positive BTA sputum emerged as the dominant risk. Findings suggest that inadequate treatment adherence may contribute to TB-RO incidence. The study concludes that age and BTA phlegm are key risk factors, while a history of successful treatment is protective. Strengthening patient monitoring and ensuring treatment compliance are essential for mitigating TB-RO risk and improving outcomes.

References

United Nations, “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),” 2024, Accessed: November 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sdgs.un.org/goals

R. D. Govender, M. J. Hashim, M. A. Khan, H. Mustafa, and G. Khan, “Global epidemiology of hiv/aids: a resurgence in north america and europe,” Journal of epidemiology and global health, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 296–301, 2021.

D. Baleanu, M. Hasanabadi, A. M. Vaziri, and A. Jajarmi, “A new intervention strategy for an hiv/aids transmission by a general fractional modeling and an optimal control approach,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 167, p. 113078, 2023.

World Health Organization (WHO), “Global Tuberculosis Report 2022,” 2022, Accessed: November 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: http://apps.who.int/bookorders

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), “Profil Kesehatan Indonesia,” Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2022.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (Dinkes Sul-Sel), “Profil Kesehatan 2021 Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan,” Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2022.

A. R. A. Zahra, D. Jonas, I. Erliyani, N. A. Yusuf et al., “Assessing customer satisfaction in ai-powered services: An empirical study with smartpls,” International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 81–89, 2023.

S. Bagcchi, “Who’s global tuberculosis report 2022,” The Lancet Microbe, vol. 4, no. 1, p. e20, 2023.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), “Petunjuk Teknis Penatalaksanaan Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat di Indonesia,” Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2020.

O. M. F. Harahap, “Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi tb paru pada pasien dengan riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya di rsup h adam malik medan,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2020.

M. Janan, “Faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan prevalensi kejadian tb mdr di kabupaten brebes tahun 2011-2017,” Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia: JKKI, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 64–70, 2019.

C. Tenzin, N. Chansatitporn, T. Dendup, T. Dorji, K. Lhazeen, D. Tshering, and T. Pelzang, “Factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in bhutan: a nationwide case-control study,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 7, p. e0236250, 2020.

A. Fernanda, M. Huda, and A. R. F. Geovanni, “Application of learning cloud computing technology (cloud computing) to students in higher education,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 32–39, 2023.

A. Arastehfar, T. Gabald´on, R. Garcia-Rubio, J. D. Jenks, M. Hoenigl, H. J. Salzer, M. Ilkit, C. LassFl¨orl, and D. S. Perlin, “Drug-resistant fungi: an emerging challenge threatening our limited antifungal armamentarium,” Antibiotics, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 877, 2020.

A. Allu´e-Guardia, J. I. Garc´ıa, and J. B. Torrelles, “Evolution of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and their adaptation to the human lung environment,” Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 12, p. 612675, 2021.

G. B. Migliori, C. W. Ong, L. Petrone, L. D’Ambrosio, R. Centis, and D. Goletti, “The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease,” Breathe, vol. 17, no. 3, 2021.

F. R. Imam, J. M. Umboh, and J. S. Tuda, “Faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (tb-mdr) di kota ternate, maluku utara,” e-CliniC, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 260–268, 2023.

Y. Zhu, W. Hao, X. Wang, J. Ouyang, X. Deng, H. Yu, and Y. Wang, “Antimicrobial peptides, conventional antibiotics, and their synergistic utility for the treatment of drug-resistant infections,” Medicinal Research Reviews, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1377–1422, 2022.

A. H. Elduma, M. A. Mansournia, A. R. Foroushani, H. M. H. Ali, A. MA, S. Elegail, A. Elsony, and K. Holakouie-Naieni, “Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in sudan: a case-control study,” Epidemiology and health, vol. 41, 2019.

A. Saifullah, T. H. Mallhi, Y. H. Khan, M. S. Iqbal, N. H. Alotaibi, A. I. Alzarea, and M. Rasheed, “Evaluation of risk factors associated with the development of mdr-and xdr-tb in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective cohort study,” PeerJ, vol. 9, p. e10826, 2021.

B. Baya, C. J. Achenbach, B. Kone, Y. Toloba, D. K. Dabitao, B. Diarra, D. Goita, S. Diabat´e, M. Maiga, D. Soumare et al., “Clinical risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in mali,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 81, pp. 149–155, 2019.

N. Nurdin, “Analisis faktor-faktor determinan individu terhadap tuberculosis multidrug resistant (tb mdr) di provinsi sumatera selatan,” Jurnal kesehatan komunitas (Journal of community health), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63–67, 2020.

A. Williams, C. S. Bangun, and Y. Shino, “The urgency of digital literacy in indonesia on covid-19 pandemic,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 183–190, 2022.

A. Singh, R. Prasad, V. Balasubramanian, and N. Gupta, “Drug-resistant tuberculosis and hiv infection: current perspectives,” HIV/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care, pp. 9–31, 2020.

R. M. Abd El-Baky, S. M. Masoud, D. S. Mohamed, N. G. Waly, E. A. Shafik, D. A. Mohareb, A. Elkady, M. M. Elbadr, and H. F. Hetta, “Prevalence and some possible mechanisms of colistin resistance among multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa,” Infection and Drug Resistance, pp. 323–332, 2020.

A. G. Prawiyogi, M. Hammet, and A. Williams, “Visualization guides in the understanding of theoretical material in lectures,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 54–60, 2023.

W. Gong and X. Wu, “Differential diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis: a key to a successful tuberculosis control strategy,” Frontiers in microbiology, vol. 12, p. 745592, 2021.

N. D. Goswami, D. Ashkin, and C. A. Haley, “Pretomanid in the treatment of patients with tuberculosis in the united states,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 387, no. 9, pp. 850–852, 2022.

R. Bouzeyen and B. Javid, “Therapeutic vaccines for tuberculosis: an overview,” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 13, p. 878471, 2022.

T. W. E. Hz, M. Miftahurrahmah, E. I. Ayudia, R. Suzan, and W. H. Marpaung, “Upaya peningkatan potensi diri creative doctorpreneur di era competitive healthpreneur berbasis digital melalui edukasi dan inovasi platform design healthpreneurship,” Medical Dedication (medic): Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat FKIK UNJA, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 145–150, 2023.

V. Agarwal, M. Lohani, A. S. Bist, E. P. Harahap, and A. Khoirunisa, “Analysis of deep learning techniques for chest x-ray classification in context of covid-19,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 208–216, 2022.

B. A. Sheikh, B. A. Bhat, U. Mehraj, W. Mir, S. Hamadani, and M. A. Mir, “Development of new therapeutics to meet the current challenge of drug resistant tuberculosis,” Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 480–500, 2021.

T. Sawicki, M. Ruszkowska, A. Danielewicz, E. Nied´zwiedzka, T. Arłukowicz, and K. E. Przybyłowicz, “A review of colorectal cancer in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, development, symptoms and diagnosis,” Cancers, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 2025, 2021.

B. E. Sibarani, C. Anggreani, B. Artasya, and D. A. P. Harahap, “Unraveling the impact of self-efficacy, computer anxiety, trait anxiety, and cognitive distortions on learning mind your own business: The student perspective,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–40, 2024.

D. Q. Huang, H. B. El-Serag, and R. Loomba, “Global epidemiology of nafld-related hcc: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention,” Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 223–238, 2021.

M. S. Hossain, H. Karuniawati, A. A. Jairoun, Z. Urbi, D. J. Ooi, A. John, Y. C. Lim, K. K. Kibria, A. Mohiuddin, L. C. Ming et al., “Colorectal cancer: a review of carcinogenesis, global epidemiology, current challenges, risk factors, preventive and treatment strategies,” Cancers, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 1732, 2022.

D. J. Uhlenhopp, E. O. Then, T. Sunkara, and V. Gaduputi, “Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: update in global trends, etiology and risk factors,” Clinical journal of gastroenterology, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1010–1021, 2020.

R. Chen, W. Liang, M. Jiang, W. Guan, C. Zhan, T. Wang, C. Tang, L. Sang, J. Liu, Z. Ni et al., “Risk factors of fatal outcome in hospitalized subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 from a nationwide analysis in china,” Chest, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 97–105, 2020.